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Tesko vama, sa nama pocetnicima, ali sta da se radi…svaki pocetak je tezak. Elem, instalirao sam Ubuntu 8.10 a onda sam poceo da ga stelujem i instalirao Compiz Fusion i Mozilla Thunderbird, a deinstalirao postojecu Evoluciju . Prvo je sve na radnoj povrsini zaglupelo, i nije prihvatalo kliktanje, a posle restarta, na radnoj povrsini, nije bilo ni jednog panela. Kako da ih ponovo vratim na staro mesto?
Koju graficku imas, i da li si instalirao drajvere za graficku? Moguce je da Compiz pravi problem!
Da nisi deinstalirao i njih?
Elem, pritisni “alt” i “F2” istovremeno, pa kad se pojavi dijalog ukucaj
[code]gnome-panel[/code]
pa raspali po enteru. (Gnome koristis, right?)Ako se ne upale, opet pritisni alt+f2, pa ukucaj [code]gnome-terminal[/code] a nakon sto se otvaranja terminala u njemu ukucaj [code]gnome-panel[/code] pa prekopiraj ovde greske koje ispise.
Ok, resen problem :D.
Reci te mi, gde mi pocetnici, mozemo da nadjemo, komande koje se ukucavaju u terminal, i opis njihovih namena, ili je sve stvar iskustva…da vas ne cimamo za svaku sitnivu?Probaj nesto ovako
http://www.ss64.com/bash/%5B/url%5D.ili ovako (samo nemoj da žuriš 🙂
http://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/index.html
i
http://en.kioskea.net/contents/linux/linshell.php3uz kratki vodič
Command lines – pipes and redirects
Linux commands look a little like DOS commands. Most linux commands are “dumb experts” – they do one thing, and do it really well. This is by design, not accident. The Linux command set makes good use of pipes and commands – there are four main operands:
| (Shift-backslash on a UK keyboard) The pipe symbol. Used to “pipe” the output of one command to another. VERY useful. An example:
Show all running tasks – the command is ps -ef
Search an input for a string – the command is grep stringUsing the pipe facility, to search all running tasks for setiathome we want to show all tasks, then search that list for the string “seti”
ps -ef | grep seti
neat eh?
> Simple redirect. Take standard output from one command and put it somewhere else. So to get a list of running tasks and put in in a text file called “tasks” in my home directory
ps -ef > /home/mojo/tasks
>> Append redirect. As above, but the output will be appended to the file not overwrite the file. So to tag on the current running tasks to the ones I already have
ps -ef >> /home/mojo/tasks
tee Multiple redirect. I want to run my list of running commands, see it on screen, AND put it in a file. Tee will do this for us. Tee takes the output and puts it into another device, whilst leaving the normal output undisturbed. So to do the above
ps -ef|tee /home/mojo/tasks
Simple commands
display the contents of file – cat file
display the contents of file one screen at a time – more file
display the first few lines of file – head file
display the last few lines of file – tail file
display the last few lines of file, as they are written – tail -f file
display the last 10 lines of file – tail -10 file
search for string in files – grep string filescreate directory dir – mkdir dir
change to directory dir – cd dir
display current directory – pwd
remove directory dir – rmdir dir
show contents of dir – ls dir
show a detailed list of the files in dir – ls -las dir
as above one screen at a time – ls -las dir | more (you getting the hang of pipes yet?)display disk usage of this machine – df -h
display name, kernel information – uname -aexecute command – command
execute command at low priority – nice command
execute command at high priority – nice -9 command
execute command and leave it running if I log out – nohup command
execute command as a background task and leave it running if I log out – nohup command &
execute a low-priority background command (like a DC project) – nohup nice command &
show all own processes – ps
show all processes – ps -ef
show all processes for user user – ps -fu user
show all processes like Windows Task Manager – top
show who is logged on to this machine – who
stop a task/process with pid pid (you can get this from the ps command) – kill pid
as above if process has died and will not respond to a normal kill – kill -9 pidcreate a blank file – touch file or cat file
remove file – rm file
remove file without confirmation – rm -f file
remove all files in the current directory – rm *
as above without confirmation – rm -f *
remove directory dir and all the files and directories in it (USE WITH CARE!!!!) – rm -fr dir
copy file1 to file2 – cp file1 file2
rename file1 to file2 – mv file1 file2 – works on directory names too
change the owner of file to user – chown user file
make file executable by its owner – chmod +x file
make file executable by anybody – chmod a+x file
make file readonly – chmod -w file
give anyone read and write permission to file – chmod a+rw filetime & date – date -u
machine up time and load averages – uptimeshutdown machine – shutdown now
shutdown machine and reboot – shutdown -r now
shutdown machine (fast mode) in 10 seconds – shutdown -f -t10
shutdown machine in 10 minutes – shutdown -t600
shutdown machine and reboot in 30 seconds – shutdown -r -t30
shutdown now, check disks on reboot – shutdown -Fr nowhelp on command cmd – man cmd, info cmd this one is your best friend!
logout – exit, CTRL-D
switch to user user – su user
switch to user user and inherit their properties – su – user
login as superuser – su – root
create user user – mkuser user
change your password – passwd
change user’s password – passwd user – need to run as root(superuser)Combined commands to perform other tasks
search for running process process – ps -ef | grep process
get detailed information on file – ls -las | grep file
divert command output so that it is immediately deleted – command > /dev/null
delete all normal output from command and put error messages ONLY in file file – command 1>/dev/null 2>file
put machine information in file – uname -a > file
remind yourself to make a phone call in 10 minutes – ( sleep 600 && echo -e “Phone now!a” ) &
copy all occurences of *.conf to *.backup – for file in *.conf ; do cp $file `basename $file`.backup ; donelinux4life
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